The aim of the course is to provide to the students the knowledge of the functional groups of the organic molecules, studying their properties, formation and reactivity, through the study of the main mechanisms, to demonstrate the chemical reactions analyzed.

1) STRUCTURE OF ORGANIC MOLECULES

Structure of organic molecules. Atomic orbitals, configuration of atoms, development of the theory of chemical bonds: ionic bonds, covalent bonds. Hybridization: the formation of sp3, sp2 and sp orbitals. Bond polarity, inductive effect, and electronegativity.

2) ORGANIC REACTIONS

Introduction of functional groups as a substrate for organic reactions. Classification of organic reactions: addition, elimination, substitution. Inductive and conjugative effect. resonance theory. Rules for writing resonance limit structures. Main reagents: acids and bases according to Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis; nucleophiles and electrophiles.

3) ALKANS AND CYCLOALCANES

Introduction to organic chemistry as carbon chemistry. Nomenclature Single, double and triple bonds. Structure of alkanes and cycloalkanes. Brute, condensed and skeletal structural formulas. Structural, configurational and conformational isomerism. Physical properties. Reactivity: halogenation and combustion.

4) STEREOCHEMISTRY

Chirality concept. Stereocenters. Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules. R and S absolute configuration. Enantiomers. Molecules with more than two chiral centers: Diastereoisomers. optical rotation.

5) ALKYNES AND ALKYNES

Nomenclature. Cis and trans geometric isomerism. Nomenclature E, Z. Physical properties and acidity. Electrophilic addition (Markovnikov's rule). Main electrophilic addition reactions: addition of halogen acids, water, halogens. Hydrogenation reactions. Acidity of terminal alkynes, addition of water to alkynes and keto-enol tautomerism.

6) ALKYL HALOGENIDES

Nomenclature. Preparation. Main reactions: SN2 and SN1 reactions, E2 and E1 reactions. Formation of organometallic compounds.

7) ALCOHOL and ETHER

Nomenclature, physical properties, preparation, chemical properties: acidity and basicity, reactivity: reactions involving the substitution of the O-H bond with the O-electrophilic bond, reactions involving the breaking of the C-O bond. oxidation reactions. Epoxides

8) ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

Carbonyl group. Nomenclature. Methods of preparation. Physical properties. Nucleophilic addition reactions. Redox reactions.

9) CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND DERIVATIVES

Nomenclature. Preparation. Physical properties. Acidity. Esters: nomenclature, preparation and properties. Saponification. Fatty acids.

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid derivatives. Physical properties. Addition-elimination mechanism (SNA). Reactivity of derivatives. Acid chlorides. Anhydrides. Amides. Foreign.

10) AROMATIC

Structure of benzene. Aromaticity (Huckel's rule). Nomenclature. Physical properties. Electrophilic aromatic substitution and types of reactions. Activating and deactivating. Orientation rules.

D1- KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING

The student will have to demonstrate mastery of the basic knowledge of molecules, being able to predict and understand their reactivity based on their structure and therefore on their properties.

D2-ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING

The student will have to show knowledge and understanding of organic reactions that allow to elaborate synthetic processes of relatively complex molecules.

D3-INDEPENDENCE OF JUDGMENTS

The student will have to show that he applies his knowledge, understanding and ability to solve problems related to the behavior of organic substances. The student will have to demonstrate the ability to appropriately connect the knowledge acquired during the course, even confronting himself in a new context, with his own judgment and reasoning autonomy going beyond mere mnemonic notions.

D4-COMMUNICATION SKILLS

The student must be able to communicate his/her conclusions clearly with an adequate and rigorous chemical language.

D5-LEARNING CAPACITY

The student must have developed the learning ability that allows him to continue studying in a self-directed or autonomous way, developing knowledge useful for continuing his studies.

The teaching material prepared by the lecturer in addition to recommended textbooks (such as for instance slides, lecture notes, exercises, bibliography) and communications from the lecturer specific to the course can be found inside the Moodle platform › blended.uniurb.it

Teaching

frontal lessons

Innovative teaching methods

Problem-based learning

Course books

CHIMICA ORGANICA ESSENZIALE  a cura di Bruno Botta, Edi-ermes,

or

FONDAMENTI DI CHIMICA ORGANICA, Janice G. Smith, Mc-Graw Hill

Assessment

Written examination, with 5 or 6 exercises. If the student will get a mark of 18/30 or more, he can do the oral examination to better define the final mark.

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.

Course books

CHIMICA ORGANICA ESSENZIALE  a cura di Bruno Botta, Edi-ermes,

or

FONDAMENTI DI CHIMICA ORGANICA, Janice G. Smith, Mc-Graw Hill

Assessment

Written examination, with 5 or 6 exercises. If the student will get a mark of 18/30 or more, he can do the oral examination to better define the final mark.

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.