The course aims to outline a fundamental phase in the history of republican Italy in order to understand the coeval international political context, so as to place the temporal parenthesis of the "Years of Lead" (1968-1982) and the so-called "opposing extremists" theory in a global historical perspective.

The course aims to address the period of the "Years of Lead" through an interpretation key projected to the economic, social and cultural history of republican Italy. Therefore, the following main research topics will be explored:

1) bipolarity and the international framework of the Cold War

2) struggles of the labor and student movements in the 1960s

3) drift of violence following the rise of far-right and left-wing terrorism

4) political and social reforms undertaken by center-left governments until the early 1980s

Knowledge and understanding:

knowledge of a specific historical moment in contemporary Italy for a better understanding of national and international history

knowledge of the historical phenomenon of Italian terrorism and national politics between the late 1960s and early 1980s, as well as the ability to assimilate the historical topics addressed in connection with personal study interests

Applying knowledge and understanding:

ability to connect social and cultural changes with moments of political reform in Italy and the Western world, including through classroom use of primary and secondary sources

Making judgements:

ability of historical criticism projected to an innovative and original idea of a specific historical period

Communication skills:

ability to interact in the classroom through observations, interventions and issues related to the themes analyzed during the lectures

Learning skills:

to be able to independently carry out the study and understanding of a historical text and source

The teaching material prepared by the lecturer in addition to recommended textbooks (such as for instance slides, lecture notes, exercises, bibliography) and communications from the lecturer specific to the course can be found inside the Moodle platform › blended.uniurb.it

Teaching

The first part of the course will be conducted in face-to-face lectures through the use of Power Point and consultation of primary and secondary sources. The second part of the course will be carried out actively by the attending students, who are expected to give a classroom talk of about 15-20 minutes (including through the use of Power Point) on one of the following topics covered during the first part of the course:

1) decolonizzazione e bipolarismo: Ungheria, Cuba, Africa, Medio Oriente, America Latina, Vietnam (1956-1975)

2) il movimento studentesco e l’operaismo: Italia, Europa, Occidente (1964-1968)

3) terrorismo, neofascismo e brigatismo: esempi ed escalation della violenza politica (1969-1978)

4) il “compromesso storico” e le riforme socio-politiche in Italia: partiti e protagonisti (1970-1981)

5) la “strategia della tensione” oltre il terrorismo: tentativi di Golpe, P2 e mafia (1964-1984)

Attendance

Knowledge of 20th century history in Italy and abroad with special reference to historical events after World War II

Course books

Guido Crainz, Il paese mancato. Dal miracolo economico agli anni ottanta, Roma, Donzelli, 2003.

Francesco Landolfi, Le Brigate rosse in Italia. Uno sguardo d’insieme tra sociologia, storia e cronaca, Roma, Aracne, 2018.

Assessment

Oral examination with questions pertaining to the textbooks and syllabus covered during the lectures. Attending students are advised that the preparation of the paper/intervention to be given in the classroom during the second part of the course will be evaluated as half of the total exam.

The evaluation criteria are as follows:

- relevance and effectiveness of the answers in relation to the program content

- degree of articulation of the answer

- adequacy of the disciplinary language used

- additional appreciable requirement is the ability to critically discuss the topics covered.

The final evaluation is expressed in thirtieths.

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.

Teaching

Individual study

Attendance

Knowledge of 20th century history in Italy and abroad with special reference to historical events after World War II

Course books

Guido Crainz, Il paese mancato. Dal miracolo economico agli anni ottanta, Roma, Donzelli, 2003.

Francesco Landolfi, Le Brigate rosse in Italia. Uno sguardo d’insieme tra sociologia, storia e cronaca, Roma, Aracne, 2018.

Giovanni Mario Ceci, La CIA e il terrorismo italiano. Dalla strage di piazza Fontana agli anni Ottanta (1969-1980), Roma, Carocci, 2019.

Assessment

Oral examination with questions pertaining to the textbooks and syllabus covered during the lectures. Attending students are advised that the preparation of the paper/intervention to be given in the classroom during the second part of the course will be evaluated as half of the total exam.

The evaluation criteria are as follows:

- relevance and effectiveness of the answers in relation to the program content

- degree of articulation of the answer

- adequacy of the disciplinary language used

- additional appreciable requirement is the ability to critically discuss the topics covered.

The final evaluation is expressed in thirtieths.

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.